b\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA<\/b><\/a>. Th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang loay hoay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng trong b\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m sai.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1eebng lo! B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n\n- N\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m chu\u1ea9n.<\/i><\/span><\/li>\n
- T\u1ef1 tin giao ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9.<\/i><\/span><\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t \u00e2m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/i><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda chinh ph\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA!<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>B\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nB\u1ea3ng IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet – B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i phi\u00ean \u00e2m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ng\u1eef \u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. IPA cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb trong m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>B\u1ea3ng IPA g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nPh\u1ee5 \u00e2m:<\/b> C\u00e1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf (nh\u01b0 \/p\/, \/b\/, \/s\/, \/z\/), ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m (m\u00f4i, r\u0103ng, v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m (h\u01a1i th\u1edf, x\u00e1t \u00e2m, m\u0169i).<\/span><\/p>\nNguy\u00ean \u00e2m:<\/b> C\u00e1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee1i (tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eefa, sau) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng (cao, trung, th\u1ea5p), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \/i\/, \/\u00e6\/, \/u\/.<\/span><\/p>\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 si\u00eau \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00ednh:<\/b> Bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ecdng \u00e2m (\/\u02c8\/, \/\u02cc\/), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u00e2m (\/\u02d0\/), v\u00e0 ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u (\/\u2197\/, \/\u2198\/), gi\u00fap th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 intonation.<\/span><\/p>\nChi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u IPA \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n
- IPA \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 (nh\u01b0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t).<\/span><\/li>\n
- B\u1ea3ng IPA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3: ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m theo h\u00e0ng\/c\u1ed9t (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m), nguy\u00ean \u00e2m theo bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i\/mi\u1ec7ng, k\u00e8m k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung cho \u00e2m \u0111\u00f4i, \u00e2m m\u0169i h\u00f3a, v.v.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc b\u1ea3ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m IPA?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n- Ph\u00e1t \u00e2m chu\u1ea9n:<\/b> IPA gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh: “read” \/ri\u02d0d\/ v\u00e0 \/r\u025bd\/).<\/span><\/li>\n
- H\u1ecdc \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef:<\/b> IPA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t \u00e2m m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n
- H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y:<\/b> Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng IPA \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t \u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n
- C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nghe n\u00f3i: <\/b>Gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (nh\u01b0 \/i\u02d0\/ v\u00e0 \/\u026a\/), n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nghe v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nguy\u00ean \u00e2m trong ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n (Monophthongs)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nNguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee1i hay mi\u1ec7ng. Ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 12 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n, chia theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee1i (tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eefa, sau) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng (cao, trung, th\u1ea5p). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e2m ch\u00ednh (d\u00f9ng IPA, gi\u1ecdng Anh-Anh):<\/span><\/p>\n\u00c2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/i\u02d0\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201csee\u201d \/si\u02d0\/): \u00e2m cao, d\u00e0i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u1ea7n v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng, m\u00f4i gi\u00e3n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u026a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201csit\u201d \/s\u026at\/): \u00e2m cao, ng\u1eafn, l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u00fat.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/e\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cbed\u201d \/bed\/): \u00e2m trung, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf v\u1eeba.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u00e6\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201ccat\u201d \/k\u00e6t\/): \u00e2m th\u1ea5p, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00c2m gi\u1eefa:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/\u0259\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cabout\u201d \/\u0259\u02c8ba\u028at\/): \u00e2m \u201cschwa\u201d, ng\u1eafn, nh\u1eb9, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u00e2m ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u025c\u02d0\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cbird\u201d \/b\u025c\u02d0d\/): \u00e2m trung, d\u00e0i, m\u00f4i h\u01a1i tr\u00f2n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u028c\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201ccup\u201d \/k\u028cp\/): \u00e2m trung, ng\u1eafn, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf v\u1eeba.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00c2m sau:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/u\u02d0\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cfood\u201d \/fu\u02d0d\/): \u00e2m cao, d\u00e0i, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n, l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ec1 sau.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u028a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cbook\u201d \/b\u028ak\/): \u00e2m cao, ng\u1eafn, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n nh\u1eb9.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u0254\u02d0\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201claw\u201d \/l\u0254\u02d0\/): \u00e2m trung, d\u00e0i, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u0252\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201chot\u201d \/h\u0252t\/): \u00e2m th\u1ea5p, ng\u1eafn, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u0251\u02d0\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cfather\u201d \/\u02c8f\u0251\u02d0\u00f0\u0259\/): \u00e2m th\u1ea5p, d\u00e0i, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1eb9o h\u1ecdc:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Gi\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang \u00e2m kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Nghe t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh (nh\u01b0 Oxford) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \/i\u02d0\/ v\u00e0 \/\u026a\/.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u00f4i (Diphthongs)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nNguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai nguy\u00ean \u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 8 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u00f4i (gi\u1ecdng Anh-Anh), chia theo h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/span><\/p>\nK\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \/\u026a\/:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/e\u026a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cface\u201d \/fe\u026as\/): t\u1eeb \/e\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean \/\u026a\/, mi\u1ec7ng h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/a\u026a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201ctime\u201d \/ta\u026am\/): t\u1eeb \/a\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean \/\u026a\/, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed3i h\u1eb9p<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u0254\u026a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cboy\u201d \/b\u0254\u026a\/): t\u1eeb \/\u0254\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean \/\u026a\/, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n r\u1ed3i gi\u00e3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
K\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \/\u028a\/:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/\u0259\u028a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cgo\u201d \/\u0261\u0259\u028a\/): t\u1eeb \/\u0259\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang \/\u028a\/, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n d\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/a\u028a\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201chouse\u201d \/ha\u028as\/): t\u1eeb \/a\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang \/\u028a\/, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed3i tr\u00f2n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
K\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \/\u0259\/:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/\u026a\u0259\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201cnear\u201d \/n\u026a\u0259\/): t\u1eeb \/\u026a\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang \/\u0259\/, mi\u1ec7ng h\u1eb9p r\u1ed3i trung t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/e\u0259\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201chair\u201d \/he\u0259\/): t\u1eeb \/e\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang \/\u0259\/, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1edf v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i trung t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u028a\u0259\/ (nh\u01b0 \u201ctour\u201d \/t\u028a\u0259\/): t\u1eeb \/\u028a\/ tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang \/\u0259\/, m\u00f4i tr\u00f2n r\u1ed3i trung t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng.<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e2m (nh\u01b0 \/\u026a\u0259\/, \/e\u0259\/) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u1edf gi\u1ecdng Anh-M\u1ef9, n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Nghe v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 quen v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>Ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m (Consonants) trong ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>Ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nPh\u1ee5 \u00e2m trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m (manner of articulation). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh (d\u00f9ng IPA, gi\u1ecdng Anh-Anh):<\/span><\/p>\nH\u01a1i th\u1edf (Plosives): Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n r\u1ed3i b\u1eadt ra.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/p\/ (pin, \/p\u026an\/), \/b\/ (bin, \/b\u026an\/).<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/t\/ (tin, \/t\u026an\/), \/d\/ (din, \/d\u026an\/).<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/k\/ (kin, \/k\u026an\/), \/\u0261\/ (gin, \/\u0261\u026an\/).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
X\u00e1t \u00e2m (Fricatives): Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ma s\u00e1t qua khe h\u1eb9p.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- \/f\/ (fan, \/f\u00e6n\/), \/v\/ (van, \/v\u00e6n\/).<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/s\/ (sip, \/s\u026ap\/), \/z\/ (zip, \/z\u026ap\/).<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u0283\/ (ship, \/\u0283\u026ap\/), \/\u0292\/ (measure, \/\u02c8me\u0292\u0259\/).<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/\u03b8\/ (think, \/\u03b8\u026a\u014bk\/), \/\u00f0\/ (this, \/\u00f0\u026as\/)<\/span><\/li>\n
- \/h\/ (hat, \/h\u00e6t\/).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00c2m m\u0169i (Nasals): Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qua m\u0169i.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span> \/m\/ (map, \/m\u00e6p\/), \/n\/ (nap, \/n\u00e6p\/), \/\u014b\/ (sing, \/s\u026a\u014b\/).<\/span><\/p>\n\u00c2m b\u00ean (Laterals): Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qua hai b\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/span> \/l\/ (love, \/l\u028cv\/).<\/p>\n\u00c2m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 (Approximants): Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00f4i nh\u1eb9, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/span> \/r\/ (red, \/red\/), \/j\/ (yes, \/jes\/), \/w\/ (win, \/w\u026an\/).<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nghe t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 Cambridge) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u00e2m<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nPh\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo n\u01a1i lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n (place of articulation):<\/span><\/p>\n\n- M\u00f4i (Bilabial): Hai m\u00f4i ch\u1ea1m nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \/p\/, \/b\/, \/m\/ (pin, bin, map).<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u00f4i-r\u0103ng (Labiodental): M\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ea1m r\u0103ng tr\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \/f\/, \/v\/ (fan, van).<\/span><\/li>\n
- R\u0103ng (Dental): L\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u1ea1m r\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \/\u03b8\/, \/\u00f0\/ (think, this).<\/span><\/li>\n