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WRITING TASK 1 – TEST 3 [ IELTS CAMBRIDGE 19 ]<\/strong><\/p>\nYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.<\/p>\n
The diagram below shows how a biofuel called ethanol is produced.<\/p>\n
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparision where relevant.<\/p>\n
Write at least 150 words.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0i thi IELTS, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc chinh ph\u1ee5c d\u1ea1ng “describing a process”<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: N\u1eafm ch\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft IELTS Writing Task 1 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf b\u00e0i, v\u00e0 hai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn) g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i Writing Task 1 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 (describing maps).<\/p>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh phong ph\u00fa, g\u1ed3m quy tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/strong>: Suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i.<\/p>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/strong>: Vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 5<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<\/span>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nV\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Ethanol nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc (biofuel) n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 cho b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i (sinh kh\u1ed1i)<\/p>\n
1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:<\/strong><\/p>\n– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sinh kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4, m\u00eda, d\u0103m g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
– Vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch sinh kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a xe v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
– T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c) ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n
2. X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn):<\/strong><\/p>\n– B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
– C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i cho th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb sinh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 cellulose.<\/p>\n
3. Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i carbohydrate (tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 cellulose) c\u00f3 trong sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 glucose. Enzyme l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c carbohydrate ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
4. L\u00ean men:<\/strong><\/p>\n– N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 l\u00ean men. L\u00ean men l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh ethanol v\u00e0 carbon dioxide (CO2) th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
5. Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t:<\/strong><\/p>\n– H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00ean men, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a ethanol, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch ethanol kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111un s\u00f4i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thu gi\u1eef h\u01a1i ethanol, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ethanol l\u1ecfng v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
6. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong><\/p>\n– Ethanol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 x\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay.<\/p>\n
– D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y Ethanol v\u1eabn s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra CO2. CO2 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c sinh kh\u1ed1i cho quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Ethanol.<\/p>\n
– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n ethanol, m\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi x\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra Ethanol b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra ngay m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc sao cho h\u00f4m \u0111i thi IELTS kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 Quy tr\u00ecnh (describing a process) ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i thi kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a IELTS, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi g\u1eb7p b\u00e0i c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft 150 t\u1eeb trong 20 ph\u00fat m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 thi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00f9 sao, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 6.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7.0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n
<\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t sau:<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1edf b\u00e0i: vi\u1ebft 2 c\u00e2u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- C\u00e2u 1 – Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chung v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201cparaphrasing\u201d:<\/strong> T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed1i \u0111a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e2u 2 – Vi\u1ebft mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng quan:<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m bao nhi\u00eau b\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng quan kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: n\u00ean chia th\u00e0nh 2 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i theo logic m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n- M\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
- C\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y sang b\u01b0\u1edbc kia.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. V\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc, hay c\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111\u1ec1. Vi\u1ebft theo s\u01b0\u1eddn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 Writing task 1 test 3 m\u1eabu<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m th\u00f4ng tin g\u1ed3m: nh\u00f3m 1 v\u1edbi 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u2013 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 Cellulose; v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc Ethanol v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 CO2 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc Ethanol m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc trong ph\u1ea7n in nghi\u00eang \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh 3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n (1 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf b\u00e0i, 2 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft k\u1ebft b\u00e0i), v\u00e0 chia quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\n
The provided diagram sheds light on the intricate process of producing a biofuel called ethanol from biomass, encompassing various plant materials like cassava, corn, sugarcane, or wood chips. In essence, this multi-step operation begins with plants absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and culminates in the generation of ethanol biofuel to power vehicles, releasing CO2 back into the air.<\/p>\n
Breaking down the process into its initial five stages, we observe the journey commencing with plants and vegetation, collectively referred to as biomass, absorbing sunlight and carbon dioxide for growth. Upon reaching maturity, this biomass is harvested on a large scale using machinery and vehicles before being transported to processing facilities. The next step involves pretreatment, where the chosen material undergoes size reduction processes like grinding (for grains) or chipping (for woody materials). Subsequently, all materials are treated with chemicals or high temperatures to transform them into an organic compound known as cellulose.<\/p>\n
Transitioning to the ethanol refinement stages, the diagram illustrates cellulose undergoing hydrolysis, a process that converts it into simple sugars, primarily glucose. Enzymes typically serve as catalysts to break down<\/span> these complex carbohydrates. The resulting sugars<\/span> from hydrolysis are transferred to fermentation<\/span> tanks, where a microorganism<\/span> is introduced and consumes the sugars, converting them into ethanol through a biological process<\/span>. Ethanol, once distilled<\/span>, emerges<\/span> as a biofuel ready to power various vehicles, including cars, trucks, and even airplanes. Inevitably<\/span>, the combustion<\/span> of ethanol in these engines releases CO2. In the final step of this cyclical process<\/span>, CO2 emissions from vehicles are released back into the atmosphere, where they are once again absorbed by plants, replenishing the biomass stock for the continuation of the ethanol production cycle. (277 words)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/span>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft theo 4 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nTask Achievement: 9\/9<\/strong><\/p>\nB\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol t\u1eeb sinh kh\u1ed1i, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu ho\u1ea1ch, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0 “hydrolysis,” “fermentation,” v\u00e0 “distilled.”<\/p>\n
Coherence and Cohesion: 9\/9<\/strong><\/p>\nB\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 “Upon reaching maturity,” “Transitioning to,” v\u00e0 “In the final step.”<\/p>\n
Lexical Resource: 9\/9<\/strong><\/p>\nV\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol nh\u01b0 “cellulose,” “hydrolysis,” “fermentation,” v\u00e0 “biofuel.” B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 am hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: 9\/9<\/strong><\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 “Upon reaching maturity, this biomass is harvested,” v\u00e0 “Ethanol, once distilled, emerges as a biofuel.”<\/p>\n
Overall: 9.0<\/strong><\/p>\nB\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
<\/span>T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/span><\/h3>\nSheds light on<\/strong> \/\u0283edz \u02c8la\u026at \u02cc\u0251n<\/span>\/<\/em>: l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/p>\n
\nIntricate<\/strong> \/\u02c8\u026antr\u026ak\u0259t<\/span>\/<\/em> (adj): ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/p>\n
\nBiofuel<\/strong> \/\u02c8ba\u026ao\u02ccfyu\u0259l<\/span>\/<\/em> (n): nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
\nBiomass<\/strong> \/\u02c8ba\u026ao\u02ccm\u00e6s<\/span>\/<\/em> (n): sinh kh\u1ed1i<\/p>\n
\nEncompass<\/strong> \/\u026an\u02c8k\u028cmp\u0259s<\/span>\/<\/em> (v): bao g\u1ed3m<\/p>\n
\nCassava<\/strong> \/\u02c8k\u00e6s\u0259v\u0259<\/span>\/<\/em> (n): s\u1eafn (khoai m\u00ec)<\/p>\n
\nCorn <\/strong>\/k\u0254rn<\/span>\/ <\/em>(n): ng\u00f4 (b\u1eafp)<\/p>\n
\nSugarcane<\/strong> \/\u02c8\u0283\u028ag\u0259r\u02ccke\u026an<\/span>\/ <\/em>(n): c\u00e2y m\u00eda<\/p>\n
\nWood chips <\/strong>\/w\u028ad \u02c8t\u0283\u026aps<\/span>\/ <\/em>(n): c\u00e1c d\u0103m g\u1ed7<\/p>\n
\nIn essence <\/strong>\/\u026an \u02c8\u025bs\u0259ns<\/span>\/ <\/em>(conj): x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
\nPlant<\/strong> \/pl\u00e6nt<\/span>\/<\/em> (n): th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i<\/p>\n
\nAbsorb<\/strong> \/\u0259b\u02c8z\u0254rb<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/p>\n
\nAtmosphere<\/strong> \/\u02c8\u00e6tm\u0259sf\u026a\u0259r<\/span>\/ <\/em>(n): kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/p>\n
\nCulminate<\/strong> \/\u02c8k\u028clm\u026a\u02ccnet<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n
\nTo power<\/strong> \/tu\u02d0 \u02c8pa\u028a\u0259r<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c<\/p>\n
\nRelease<\/strong> \/r\u026a\u02c8li\u02d0s<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): ph\u00e1t ra<\/p>\n
\nBreak down sth into<\/strong> \/\u02c8bre\u026ak da\u028an \u02c8\u026antu<\/span>\/<\/em>: chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
\nCommence with<\/strong> \/k\u0259\u02c8m\u025bns w\u026a\u00f0\/ <\/span><\/em>(v): b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi<\/p>\n
\nVegetation<\/strong> \/\u02ccv\u025bd\u0292\u026a\u02c8te\u026a\u0283\u0259n<\/span>\/ <\/em>(n): c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/p>\n
\nCollectively referred to as<\/strong> \/k\u0259\u02c8l\u025bkt\u026avli r\u026a\u02c8f\u0259rd tu\u02d0 \u00e6z<\/span>\/<\/em>: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0<\/p>\n
\nUpon reaching maturity<\/strong> \/\u0259\u02c8p\u0251n ri\u02c8t\u0283\u026a\u014b m\u0259\u02c8tj\u028a\u0259r\u026ati<\/span>\/<\/em>: khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
\nProcessing facilities <\/strong>\/\u02c8pro\u028as\u025bs\u026a\u014b f\u0259\u02c8s\u026al\u0259tiz<\/span>\/<\/em>: c\u00e1c (n\u01a1i) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n
\nPretreatment<\/strong> \/pri\u02d0\u02c8tri\u02d0tm\u025bnt<\/span>\/ <\/em>(n): tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n
\nUndergo<\/strong> \/\u02c8\u028cnd\u0259r\u02ccgo\u028a<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): tr\u1ea3i qua<\/p>\n
\nTo grind<\/strong> \/\u02c8gra\u026and<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): nghi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n
\nTo chip<\/strong> \/\u02c8t\u0283\u026ap<\/span>\/ <\/em>(v): c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n
\nWoody materials<\/strong> \/\u02c8w\u028adi m\u0259\u02c8t\u026a\u0259ri\u0259lz<\/span>\/<\/em> (np): c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7<\/p>\n
\nSubsequently<\/strong> \/\u02c8s\u028cbs\u026akw\u0259ntli<\/span>\/<\/em> (adv): ti\u1ebfp theo<\/p>\n
\nTransform<\/strong> \/tr\u00e6n\u02c8sf\u0254rm<\/span>\/<\/em> (v): chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n
\nAn organic compound <\/strong>\/\u00e6n \u02c8\u0254rg\u00e6n\u026ak \u02c8k\u0251mp\u0251\u028and<\/span>\/<\/em> (np): m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/p>\n
\nTransition to <\/strong>\/tr\u00e6n\u02c8z\u026a\u0283\u0259n tu\u02d0<\/span>\/<\/em> (v): chuy\u1ec3n sang<\/p>\n
\nRefinement<\/strong> \/r\u026a\u02c8fa\u026anm\u0259nt<\/span>\/<\/em> (n): tinh luy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n
\nHydrolysis<\/strong>