{"id":1831,"date":"2024-04-01T02:07:50","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T02:07:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kl9992.com\/blog\/?p=1831"},"modified":"2024-09-20T04:43:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T04:43:39","slug":"chia-se-ve-5-cach-hoc-nhung-dieu-moi-trong-nam-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kl9992.com\/blog\/chia-se-ve-5-cach-hoc-nhung-dieu-moi-trong-nam-moi\/","title":{"rendered":"Chia se v\u1ec1 5 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi trong n\u0103m m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
Mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc g\u00ec? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Kl992 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 5 m\u1eb9o gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi trong n\u0103m m\u1edbi Gi\u00e1p Th\u00ecn nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n trau d\u1ed3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1eed s\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1edbn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. V\u1eady li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u201ctre gi\u00e0 kh\u00f3 u\u1ed1n\u201d nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n gian ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng hay n\u00f3i? Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dede cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cV\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 learning science (ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp), trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi n\u0103m c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c learning sciences, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ebd tranh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n do \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u201cCh\u00ednh v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u01a1n,\u201d Dede chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n H\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu self-concept t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi thi c\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu hay r\u1ee7i ro \u0111i k\u00e8m c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd vui v\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u00edch l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch gh\u00e9p h\u00ecnh v\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u00edch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u1edf th\u00edch\u201d c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y th\u00eam cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00f4i khi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t newbie h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho ri\u00eang b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n. H\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, cho ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chinh ph\u1ee5c. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dede n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/span>H\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nTheo nh\u01b0 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Chris Dede (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c Harvard) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh (Vi\u1ec7n AI Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn do NSF t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn linh ho\u1ea1t (fluid reasoning) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng suy gi\u1ea3m khi ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ebft tinh (crystallized intelligence) t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<\/span>5 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi trong n\u0103m m\u1edbi<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span>Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n
