<\/span><\/h2>\nPh\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 (Metaphor)<\/b> hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng” n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\nTrong ti\u1ebfng Anh, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i “A gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 B”, ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00f4n “A l\u00e0 B”. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129, li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> “You are my sunshine”<\/span><\/i> (B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh “b\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng \u00e1nh n\u1eafng”, m\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 4 lo\u1ea1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Standard Metaphor<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/b> N\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng “A l\u00e0 B”.<\/span><\/li>\n
- V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> “Life is a roller coaster”<\/span><\/i> (Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u l\u01b0\u1ee3n).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/b> T\u00e0u l\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00ean cao, l\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, l\u00fac ch\u1ea1y nhanh, l\u00fac ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac vui v\u1ebb, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Implied Metaphor<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nLo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh ra. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/b> D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn B \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 A m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn B.<\/span><\/li>\n
- V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> “He brayed his refusal”<\/span><\/i> (Anh ta r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean l\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/b> T\u1eeb “bray” trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a con l\u1eeba. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i “anh ta nh\u01b0 con l\u1eeba”, nh\u01b0ng qua t\u1eeb “r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean”, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ngang ng\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con l\u1eeba.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Extended Metaphor<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/b> L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n
- V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> N\u1ebfu coi “C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn”, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng… xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/b> C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Dead Metaphor<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u1ed1n d\u0129 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00ean gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111en lu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/b> D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u ngay.<\/span><\/li>\n
- V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> “The leg of the chair”<\/span><\/i> (Ch\u00e2n gh\u1ebf) hay <\/span>“The mouth of the river”<\/span><\/i> (C\u1eeda s\u00f4ng).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/b> C\u00e1i gh\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “ch\u00e2n” b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “mi\u1ec7ng”. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t metaphor v\u00e0 simile<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i thi ti\u1ebfng Anh:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Simile (So s\u00e1nh):<\/b> L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh <\/span>tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n<\/b>. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 <\/span>“like”<\/b> (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0) ho\u1eb7c <\/span>“as…as”<\/b> (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0).<\/span>\n
\n- V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/i> “He eats like a pig” (Anh \u1ea5y \u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Metaphor (\u1ea8n d\u1ee5):<\/b> L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh <\/span>ng\u1ea7m<\/b>. N\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span>\n
\n- V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/i> “He is a pig when he eats” (Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n khi \u0103n).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf:<\/span><\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y “like” ho\u1eb7c “as”, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh (Simile). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 (Metaphor).<\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/span>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 (metaphor) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nPh\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1eb9t t\u1eebng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng theo <\/span>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ghi nh\u1edb theo c\u1ee5m:<\/b> V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 “Idea is food” (\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n), b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1edb c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0: <\/span>raw facts<\/span><\/i> (th\u00f4ng tin ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn), <\/span>half-baked idea<\/span><\/i> (\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn), <\/span>food for thought<\/span><\/i> (\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n:<\/b> \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean “s\u1ed1ng” v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 trong IELTS kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: <\/span>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/b><\/p>\nTrong Writing Task 2:<\/b> Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (Academic Metaphors) gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao \u1edf ti\u00eau ch\u00ed <\/span>Lexical Resource<\/span><\/i>