{"id":14550,"date":"2026-01-10T08:21:21","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T01:21:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kl9992.com\/blog\/?p=14550"},"modified":"2026-01-10T08:21:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T01:21:21","slug":"up-to-now-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kl9992.com\/blog\/up-to-now-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Up to now l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
Nam ng\u1ed3i th\u1eabn th\u1edd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Writing ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf con s\u1ed1 5.5. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu “thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”. Nam lu\u00f4n l\u00fang t\u00fang khi mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i “Until now”. C\u1eadu nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2u v\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00f4 ngh\u00ea.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc ao. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, gi\u00fap b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft IELTS tr\u1edf n\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang loay hoay t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u <\/span><\/i>up to now l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/a>, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hoang mang tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4 khan v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng sai th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng lo! B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng <\/span><\/i>Kl992 IELTS<\/i><\/b>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 tin \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 “n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m” k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, <\/span>Up to now<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian (Adverbial phrase of time). Khi d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: <\/span>“cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd”<\/b>, <\/span>“cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay”<\/b> ho\u1eb7c <\/span>“t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i”<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, “Up to now” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> Up to now, I have read half of the reports.<\/span><\/i> (T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o).<\/span><\/p>\n B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a “Up to now” l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a <\/span>th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (Present Perfect Tense)<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n Khi trong c\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u:<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong giao ti\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/span>We haven’t met him up to now.<\/span><\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u:<\/b> V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong v\u0103n vi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian “ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y”. Sau c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/span>Up to now, everything has been under control.<\/span><\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft IELTS \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao \u1edf ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Lexical Resource (V\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng), b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n
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<\/p>\n<\/span>Up to now ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n<\/span>Up to now l\u00e0 th\u00ec g\u00ec?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Up to now<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
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<\/span>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n<\/span>T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Up to now<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
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<\/p>\n<\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Up to now v\u1edbi Until now v\u00e0 So far<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
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\n Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n Up to now<\/b><\/td>\n So far<\/b><\/td>\n Until now<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n S\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/td>\n Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh <\/span>li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/b> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/td>\n Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh <\/span>ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b> t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/td>\n \u00c1m ch\u1ec9 <\/span>s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/b> \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0169 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u00ednh trang tr\u1ecdng<\/b><\/td>\n Kh\u00e1 trang tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/span><\/td>\n Linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/td>\n Trung t\u00ednh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/b><\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng.<\/b> Th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/td>\n C\u00f3.<\/b> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/span>“So far, so good”<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng.<\/b> Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n v\u1ebf c\u00e2u \u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/td>\n L\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00ec Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng <\/span>“Thus far”<\/b> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt trong IELTS Writing.<\/span><\/td>\n Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda sau.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda<\/b><\/td>\n Up to now, we have finished 3 tasks.<\/span><\/td>\n How is it going? – So far, so good!<\/span><\/td>\n Until now, I thought he was a doctor (but he’s not).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n