\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp!<\/em><\/p>\n
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<\/span>Break Down ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n“Break down” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (phrasal verb) trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, mang nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb giao ti\u1ebfp th\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh trang tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a “Break down”:<\/p>\n
<\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, chia nh\u1ecf<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n“Break down” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Let\u2019s break down the project into smaller tasks. (H\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.)<\/li>\n
- She broke down the data into categories. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/span> Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/span>B\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n“Break down” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng do h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- My car broke down on the highway. (Xe c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c.)<\/li>\n
- The machine broke down during production. (M\u00e1y m\u00f3c b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/span> D\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/span>Suy s\u1ee5p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n“Break down” m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac khi ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c suy s\u1ee5p tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- She broke down in tears after hearing the news. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1eadt kh\u00f3c sau khi nghe tin.)<\/li>\n
- He broke down under the pressure of work. (Anh \u1ea5y suy s\u1ee5p v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/span> Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n<\/span>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n“Break down” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Can you break down the instructions for me? (B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng?)<\/li>\n
- The teacher broke down the theory in simple terms. (Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/span> D\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<\/span>Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n“Break down” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- The negotiations broke down due to disagreements. (Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng.)<\/li>\n
- Their partnership broke down after a few months. (M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tan r\u00e3 sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/span> Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong kinh doanh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Break Down<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nC\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb “Break down” c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/span> Break down + (t\u00e2n ng\u1eef)<\/div>\n\n- Break<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, mang ngh\u0129a “ph\u00e1”, “v\u1ee1”.<\/li>\n
- Down:<\/strong> Tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia, h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e2n ng\u1eef:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2n ng\u1eef:<\/strong> The car broke down. (Xe b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.)<\/li>\n
- C\u00f3 t\u00e2n ng\u1eef:<\/strong> She broke down the problem into parts. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y chia nh\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Khi c\u00f3 t\u00e2n ng\u1eef, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (e.g., “the problem”, “the data”).<\/li>\n
- Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mang ngh\u0129a suy s\u1ee5p tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00e2n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i k\u00e8m c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0 “in tears”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi Break Down<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n“Break down” th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n
\n- Into parts\/steps\/categories:<\/strong> Chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n, b\u01b0\u1edbc, danh m\u1ee5c (ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Break the task down into steps. (Chia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc.)<\/p>\n
\n- In tears:<\/strong> B\u1eadt kh\u00f3c, suy s\u1ee5p (ngh\u0129a tinh th\u1ea7n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: She broke down in tears after the argument. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1eadt kh\u00f3c sau cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i.)<\/p>\n
\n- Due to:<\/strong> Do, v\u00ec (ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: The deal broke down due to lack of trust. (Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin.)<\/p>\n
\n- Under pressure\/stress:<\/strong> D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng (ngh\u0129a suy s\u1ee5p).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: He broke down under pressure. (Anh \u1ea5y suy s\u1ee5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.)<\/p>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><\/span> C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “Break down” trong t\u1eebng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Break Down<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nT\u00f9y v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “Break down”, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb\/c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a sau:<\/p>\n
<\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, chia nh\u1ecf<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Divide:<\/strong> Chia ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Let\u2019s divide the project into smaller tasks. (H\u00e3y chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.)<\/p>\n
\n- Analyze:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: She analyzed the data in detail. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft.)<\/p>\n
\n- Break up:<\/strong> Chia nh\u1ecf (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Break the problem up into manageable parts. (Chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.)<\/p>\n
<\/span>B\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Fail:<\/strong> H\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: The engine failed during the trip. (\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i.)<\/p>\n
\n- Malfunction:<\/strong> Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sai, h\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: The machine malfunctioned unexpectedly. (M\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sai.)<\/p>\n
<\/span>Suy s\u1ee5p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Collapse:<\/strong> S\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 (c\u1ea3m x\u00fac).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: She collapsed emotionally after the news. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac sau tin t\u1ee9c.)<\/p>\n
\n- Crack up:<\/strong> Suy s\u1ee5p (th\u00e2n m\u1eadt).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: He cracked up under the stress. (Anh \u1ea5y suy s\u1ee5p v\u00ec c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.)<\/p>\n
<\/span>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Explain:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Can you explain the process clearly? (B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?)<\/p>\n
\n- Simplify:<\/strong> \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: The teacher simplified the concept for us. (Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.)<\/p>\n
<\/span>Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Fall apart:<\/strong> Tan r\u00e3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: The agreement fell apart due to conflicts. (Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn tan r\u00e3 v\u00ec m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.)<\/p>\n
\n- Collapse:<\/strong> S\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: The negotiations collapsed after hours of debate. (Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 sau h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd tranh lu\u1eadn.)<\/p>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><\/span> Ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2u v\u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Break Down v\u00e0 Breakdown<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n“Break down” (phrasal verb) v\u00e0 “Breakdown” (danh t\u1eeb) c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n
\n\n\nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nBreak Down<\/strong><\/td>\nBreakdown<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nLo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/td>\n| C\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (phrasal verb)<\/td>\n | Danh t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nC\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\n| Hai t\u1eeb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi<\/td>\n | M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i (\u1edf Anh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/td>\n| H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, h\u1ecfng, suy s\u1ee5p, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/span><\/td>\n | K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c, s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n| The car broke down yesterday. (Xe h\u1ecfng h\u00f4m qua.)<\/td>\n | The breakdown of the car caused a delay. (S\u1ef1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a xe g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nV\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n| Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong c\u00e2u<\/td>\n | Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef, t\u00e2n ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Break down:<\/strong> Let\u2019s break down the costs. (H\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed.)<\/li>\n
- Breakdown:<\/strong> We need a detailed breakdown of the costs. (Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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