s trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><\/span><\/a>\u201d trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n hay h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i?<\/i><\/p>\nH\u00e3y nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nam, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201cs\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec hay khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng. Anh loay hoay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n
May m\u1eafn thay, nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft, Nam \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u201cs l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong ti\u1ebfng Anh\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/i><\/p>\n
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n:<\/i><\/p>\n\n- Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u201d trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/i><\/li>\n
- N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cs\u201d trong ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/i><\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i sai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi d\u00f9ng \u201cs\u201d.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cs\u201d l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n hoang mang! H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc ngay \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n!<\/i><\/p>\n
<\/i><\/p>\n<\/span>Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m V\u00e0 Vai Tr\u00f2 Ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee7a \u201cS\u201d Trong Ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u201cS\u201d L\u00e0 G\u00ec Trong Ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nTrong ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u201cs\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e2u, \u201cs\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
\n- H\u1eadu t\u1ed1 (suffix):<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1edf th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
- D\u1ea1ng r\u00fat g\u1ecdn (contraction):<\/b> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cis\u201d, \u201chas\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cdoes\u201d trong v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u201cS\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p linh ho\u1ea1t, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ea3 v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn trang tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u201cs\u201d \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- S\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u:<\/b> I have two cats. (T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai con m\u00e8o.)<\/li>\n
- S\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch:<\/b> This is John\u2019s book. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a John.)<\/li>\n
- R\u00fat g\u1ecdn:<\/b> She\u2019s happy. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. = She is happy.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Vai Tr\u00f2 Ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee7a \u201cS\u201d Trong Ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u201cS\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u. C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
1. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u:<\/b> \u201cS\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: One book \u2192 Two books. (M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u2192 Hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch.)<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1edf h\u1eefu:<\/b> \u201cS\u201d (k\u00e8m d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n \u2019s ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u2019 v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u) ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Mary\u2019s car. (Xe c\u1ee7a Mary.)<\/p>\n
3. Ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1edf th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n:<\/b> \u201cS\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ed1 \u00edt (he, she, it).<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: He walks to school. (Anh \u1ea5y \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng.)<\/p>\n
4. R\u00fat g\u1ecdn tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/b> \u201cS\u201d thay th\u1ebf cho \u201cis\u201d, \u201chas\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cdoes\u201d trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u r\u00fat g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: It\u2019s raining. (Tr\u1eddi \u0111ang m\u01b0a. = It is raining.)<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u201cs\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u trong ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>C\u00e1ch D\u00f9ng C\u1ee7a \u201cS\u201d V\u1edbi Vai Tr\u00f2 Ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\u201cS\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ed1n vai tr\u00f2 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
<\/span>S L\u00e0 D\u1ea1ng R\u00fat G\u1ecdn C\u1ee7a Tr\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u1eeb<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nTrong v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, \u201cs\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng r\u00fat g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cis\u201d, \u201chas\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cdoes\u201d khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n
1. R\u00fat g\u1ecdn \u201cis\u201d:<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef + \u2019s + b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef.<\/div>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- She\u2019s tired. (C\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u1ec7t. = She is tired.)<\/li>\n
- It\u2019s a sunny day. (H\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng. = It is a sunny day.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. R\u00fat g\u1ecdn \u201chas\u201d:<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef + \u2019s + ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb hai (past participle).<\/div>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span> <\/b>He\u2019s finished his homework. (Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. = He has finished his homework.)<\/p>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b><\/span> Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u201chas\u201d trong th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201chave\u201d.<\/p>\n3. R\u00fat g\u1ecdn \u201cdoes\u201d (\u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n):<\/b><\/p>\n
Th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/span> What\u2019s he do? (Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0m g\u00ec? = What does he do?)<\/p>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- D\u1ea1ng r\u00fat g\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong v\u0103n n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n vi\u1ebft th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n
- C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 \u201c\u2019s\u201d (r\u00fat g\u1ecdn) v\u1edbi \u201c\u2019s\u201d (s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>S L\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ed1 C\u1ee7a S\u1edf H\u1eefu C\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u201cS\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch (possessive case) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n1. Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt + \u2019s + danh t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> John\u2019s book. (Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a John.)<\/p>\n
2. Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u201d + \u2019 + danh t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> The students\u2019 classroom. (L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh.)<\/p>\n
3. Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u201d + \u2019s + danh t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b> The children\u2019s toys. (\u0110\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb.)<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu: Anna\u2019s phone. (\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Anna.)<\/li>\n
- M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: My friend\u2019s sister. (Ch\u1ecb\/em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i.)<\/li>\n
- Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: A day\u2019s work. (C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n- V\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u201d, ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n (\u2019).<\/li>\n
- V\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u201d (nh\u01b0 James), c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft: James\u2019s book ho\u1eb7c James\u2019 book. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng James\u2019s ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong ti\u1ebfng Anh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>S L\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ed1 C\u1ee7a Danh T\u1eeb S\u1ed1 Nhi\u1ec1u<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\u201cS\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t).<\/p>\n
1. Quy t\u1eafc th\u00eam \u201cs\u201d:<\/b><\/p>\n